水电能源科学

水电机组一般使用具有较强减摩特性的巴氏合金材料作为轴瓦材料，但因巴氏合金材料制成的轴瓦强度较低，并不能使用在需要承受较大压力的大型水轮发电机组中。而碳工具钢材(SK)在有良好耐磨性能的同时能够承受较大载荷。因此，通过试验对比研究SK瓦与巴氏合金瓦的油膜温度、瓦体温度与功率，并通过数值模拟对比两种轴瓦的油膜厚度、油膜压力、最大油膜温度、瓦基变形及功率损耗。结果表明，在相同进油温度下，SK瓦的瓦基变形、最大油膜温度比巴氏合金分别低0.06～0.08 mm、9.6～14.6℃,而SK瓦的油膜厚度比巴氏合金高13～15μm。SK瓦在运行过程中具备更低的油膜温度与较小的瓦基变形，可以作为大型水电机组轴瓦材料的潜在选择。

Hydroelectric units generally use Babbitt Alloy with strong friction reduction properties as the bearing bush material. However, due to the bearing bush made by Babbitt Alloy material has lower strength, it can not be used in the need to withstand the larger pressure of large-scale hydropower generating sets. The Steel Kogu(SK) can withstand large loads while having good wear resistance. Therefore, the oil film temperature, bearing bush body temperature and power of SK bearing pad and Babbitt Metal bearing bush are studied comparatively through experiments. The thickness, pressure, maximum temperature of oil film, base deformation and power loss of the two types of bearing bush are studied comparatively by numerical calculation. The results show that at the same oil inlet temperature, the base deformation and maximum oil film temperature of SK bearing bush are lower than that of Babbitt Alloy by 0.06-0.08 mm and 9.6-14.6 ℃, respectively, and the oil film thickness of SK bearing bush is higher than that of Babbitt Alloy by 13-15 μm. The SK bearing bush can be used as a potential choice of bearing bush material for large-scale hydroelectric units because of its lower oil film temperature and smaller base deformation during the operating process.