水电能源科学

黄河上游龙羊峡水库和刘家峡水库具有年调节能力，承担着黄河流域洪凌防治、供水灌溉、发电等综合利用任务，需通过构建梯级水库多目标优化调度来实现多目标的协调一致。构建了以最大削峰率、发电总量和平均排沙比最大为目标的龙羊峡—刘家峡梯级水库多目标调度模型，利用NSGA-Ⅲ算法进行了模型求解，并分析防洪、发电和排沙目标之间的竞争关系。基于构建的梯级水库多目标优化调度方案评价指标体系和TOPSIS法对调度方案集进行优选。结果表明，发电与防洪目标之间存在明显竞争关系；排沙与防洪目标无明显竞争关系；排沙与发电目标存在一定竞争关系。通过对比优选方案和实际调度相关数据可知，优选方案的防洪、发电和排沙效益较实际调度分别提高20.89%、16.02%、3.61%。

The Longyangxia and Liujiaxia Reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have annual regulation capacity and undertake comprehensive utilization tasks such as flood control, water supply and irrigation, and power generation in the Yellow River Basin. The coordination and consistency of multiple objectives need to be achieved by constructing a multi-objective optimized dispatching system for cascade reservoirs. A multi-objective scheduling model has been established for the Longyangxia-Liujiashan cascaded reservoirs, with the goals of maximizing the peak shaving rate, total power generation, and average sediment flushing ratio. The model is solved using the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm, and an analysis is conducted regarding the competitive relationships among the objectives of flood control, power generation, and sediment flushing. The established multi-objective optimization scheduling scheme is further evaluated through a developed indicator system, and the TOPSIS method is applied to optimize the set of scheduling solutions. The results show that there is a significant competitive relationship between the objectives of power generation and flood control; No significant competition exists between the objectives of sediment discharge and flood control, and there is some competition between the objectives of sediment discharge and power generation. Through a comparison of the optimal scheme and the actual scheduling data, it can be seen that the benefits of flood control, power generation, and sediment discharge in the optimal scheme increased by 20.89%, 16.02%, and 3.61%, respectively, compared to the actual scheduling.