水电能源科学

廊道是水电站的重要结构，廊道变形监测是保障整个水电站安全运行的重要技术手段，但传统方法检测水电站廊道变形存在需要布设大量监测点且检测覆盖率低的问题。为此，提出一种基于模板匹配的廊道变形监测方法。该方法以设计模型生成模板点云作为未变形廊道的基准，利用激光扫描仪扫描获取测量点云。基于关键点平均曲率寻找对应关系并结合误差统计模型估计转移矩阵的廊道点云配准算法，将测量点云与模板点云精准对齐。随后设计廊道截断面整体变形量计算方法，实现了廊道点云变形量的精确计算。为验证该方法的有效性，在室内搭建廊道场景及某水电站廊道进行试验。结果表明，所建方法模型配准与变形测量优于现有算法，且平均测量误差低于4 mm,在室内廊道监测平均误差为3.7 mm,实际廊道监测平均误差为3.4 mm,能够满足隧道变形监测的应用要求。

Corridors are essential structures in hydropower stations, and monitoring their deformation is crucial for the safe operation of the whole station. However, the traditional methods for corridor deformation detection require numerous monitoring points and have low coverage. To solve this problem, this paper presents a corridor deformation monitoring method based on template matching. It uses the template point cloud generated from the design model as a reference for the undeformed corridor and acquires the measurement point cloud through laser scanning. A corridor point cloud registration algorithm, which finds correspondences based on the average curvature of key points and estimates the transformation matrix with an error statistical model, precisely aligns the measurement and template point clouds. Then, a method for calculating the overall deformation of the corridor cross-section enables accurate calculation of the deformation. To verify the effectiveness of this method, experiments were conducted in the corridor scene built indoors and the corridor of a certain hydropower station. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing algorithms in the comparative experiments of model registration and deformation measurement, and the average measurement error is less than 4 mm. The average error of corridor monitoring in indoor is 3.7 mm, and the average error of actual corridor monitoring is 3.4 mm, which can meet the application requirements of tunnel deformation monitoring.