水电能源科学

抽水蓄能电站采用引水竖井与开敞式调压室同轴布置的方式可方便竖井施工及运维。为深入探究引水调压室与竖井同轴布置时的水力特性，根据重力相似准则搭建了1∶25的局部水工模型，利用脉动压力传感器及高速运动相机对管道中水流的脉动压力及过流形态进行了监测，通过设置的相应测点的数据分析得到不同工况下的压力幅值、水流流态及水头损失。结果表明，各工况下竖井-调压室同轴布置时调压室底部压力变化幅值均更大；发电工况时观测到有少量的水流流入连接管，抽水工况时有相对较多的水流流入连接管；在发电工况水头损失比常规方案小，在抽水工况水头损失与常规方案水头损失基本相等或略大；但整体水流形态良好，无不良水流流态及运行不稳定的情况出现，研究结果可为类似调压室设计及运行提供参考及借鉴。

The coaxial arrangement of the diversion shaft and the open surge chamber in the pumped storage power station can facilitate the construction, operation and maintenance of the shaft. To further explore the hydraulic characteristics of the coaxial arrangement of the water diversion surge chamber and the shaft, an experimental model with a scale of 1:25 was built according to the gravity similarity criterion. The pulsating pressure sensor and the high-speed motion camera were used to monitor the pulsating pressure and flow pattern of the water flow in the pipeline. The pressure amplitude, flow pattern and head loss under different working conditions were obtained by analyzing the data of the corresponding measuring points. The results show that the amplitude of pressure change at the bottom of the surge chamber is larger when the shaft-surge chamber is coaxially arranged under each working condition. A small amount of water flow into the connecting pipe was observed in the power generation condition, and a relatively large amount of water flow into the connecting pipe was observed in the pumping condition. The head loss is slightly larger than that of the conventional straight pipeline layout surge chamber scheme. However, the overall flow pattern is good, and there is no bad flow pattern and unstable operation. The research results can provide reference for the design and operation of similar surge chambers.