水电能源科学

叠梁门分层取水措施是改善下游生态环境的有效手段之一，相关进水口水力特性研究是保障叠梁门分层取水运行安全的重要支撑。为此，以叶巴滩水电站通仓型叠梁门分层取水进水口为例，通过开展水工物理模型试验，系统分析了叠梁门高度及机组运行方式对通仓进水口水力特性的影响，包括拦污栅断面流速、进水口水头损失及进水室漩涡特性等。试验结果表明，拦污栅断面流速最大值发生在叠梁门顶以上2～5 m范围内，死水位运行时拦污栅断面平均流速值接近1.20 m/s;叠梁门高度为27～33 m时，叠梁门高度改变对水头损失影响有限，生态泄放机组水头损失值大于大发电机组水头损失值；进水室内无有害漩涡出现，通仓型进水口设计可有限改善水流流态、降低进水口水头损失。

The stratified water intake measure of the stacked beam gate is one of the effective means to improve the ecological environment downstream. The relevant studies on inlet hydraulic characteristics will offer an important support to ensure the running safety of the water intakes. Taking the stratified water intake inlet of the cascade gate of the Yebatan Hydropower Station as an example, through hydraulic physical model tests, the impact of the height of the cascade gate and the operation mode of the unit on the hydraulic characteristics of the cascade inlet was systematically analyzed, including the flow velocity at the cross-section of the screen, the head loss at the inlet, and the vortex characteristics of the inlet chamber, etc. The experimental results show that the maximum velocity at trash rack section occurs in the range of 2-5 m above the top of the stop-log gate, and the average velocity is close to 1.20 m/s when the dead water level is running. When the height of the stop-log gate ranges from 27 m to 33 m, the change of the stop-log gate height has a limited effect on the head loss. The head loss value of the generator unit for ecological drainage is greater than that of the large generator unit. There is no harmful vortex in the inlet room, and the design of the full length inlet could improve the flow pattern and reduce the head loss of the inlet.