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大型冲击式水轮机在单喷嘴运行工况下，转轮径向力异常增大，轴系稳定性受到严重影响。对此建立了包含转轮、主轴及轴承支撑的轴承—转子系统动力学模型，基于COMSOL Multiphysics计算了轴系的临界转速及振型特征，同时分析了轴系在不同径向水推力下瞬态响应特征。结果显示，机组轴系一阶临界转速为534.49 r/min,满足设计规范要求，单喷嘴运行时径向水推力可视为常径向力，各导轴承轴心轨迹质心在径向水推力作用下发生偏移，其中水导轴承偏移量最大。结果表明，单喷嘴运行时，水导轴承承受径向力合力集中在单侧，并在射流方向±1.5°左右波动。研究成果可为冲击式机组结构优化及特殊工况运行控制提供参考。
Abstract：Under single-nozzle operating conditions, the radial force of the runner for large-scale impulse turbine abnormally increases, severely affecting shafting stability. This study establishes a dynamics model of the bearing-rotor system incorporating the runner, main shaft, and bearing supports. The critical speed and vibration mode characteristics of the shafting system were calculated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. And then the transient response characteristics under different radial hydraulic thrust forces were analyzed. The results indicate that the first-order critical speed of the unit shafting is 534.49 r/min, meeting the design specification requirements. The radial hydraulic thrust under single-nozzle operation can be considered as a constant radial force. The centroids of shaft orbits in all guide bearings exhibit displacement under radial hydraulic thrust, with the maximum offset observed in the turbine guide bearing. Analysis reveals that during single-nozzle operation, the resultant radial force on the water guide bearing concentrates on the one side, fluctuating within approximately ±1.5° relative to the jet direction. This research can provide reference for structural optimization and operational control of impulse turbine units under special operating conditions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2026.20250447
中图分类号:TV734.21
引用信息:
[1]陈磊,张海库,李贵吉,等.单喷嘴运行对大型冲击式水轮发电机组轴系稳定性影响[J].水电能源科学,2026,44(01):207-211.DOI:10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2026.20250447.
基金信息:
大唐集团公司科研项目基金(DTXZ-2021-10054)
2025-03-12
2025
2025-04-06
2025
1
2025-12-24
2025-12-24
2025-12-24