水电能源科学

长距离高落差有压自流输水管线工程在西北地区日益增多，管线多数呈现出高低起伏形状，整条管线系统在运行调节过程中水力过渡过程也变得十分复杂，水锤防护设置的不合理严重时将导致爆管，严重威胁人民生命及财产安全。为了能使整个系统安全运行，采用特征线法，使用HAMMER V8i水锤分析软件研究分析某输水工程中较长高落差的倒虹吸水力过渡过程，通过在管线沿线设置隔断检修阀、淹没式消能阀及排气阀和在管线末端设调节阀后，管线在正常运行及关阀时管线系统的正压得到有效控制。通过模拟分析爆管后不同流量时管线系统水力过渡过程，设置的水锤防护设备将爆管所造成的危害降至最低，完全爆管后管线系统的流量并不连续。长距离高落差倒虹吸管线水锤防护设备的动作时间及运行规律在整个系统安全中起到关键作用。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。

The number of long-distance, high drop, pressurized, and self-flowing water pipeline projects is increasing in the northwest region. Most of the pipelines show undulating shapes, and the hydraulic transition process of the entire pipeline system becomes very complex during operation and regulation. When the water hammer protection setting is unreasonable, it will lead to pipe explosion, seriously threatening the safety of people and property. In order to ensure the safe operation of the entire system, the characteristic line method and the HAMMER V8i water hammer analysis software were used to analyze the hydraulic transition process of a long and high drop inverted siphon in a water transmission project. By setting isolation and maintenance valves, submerged energy dissipation valves, and exhaust valves along the pipeline, and setting regulating valves at the end of the pipeline, the positive pressure of the pipeline system is effectively controlled during normal operation and valve closure. By simulating the hydraulic transition process of the pipeline system under different flow rates after pipe explosion, the installation of water hammer protection equipment minimizes the harm caused by pipe explosion. The flow rate of the pipeline system after complete pipe explosion is not continuous. The action time and operation rules of the water hammer protection equipment for long-distance and high drop inverted siphon lines play a crucial role in the safety of the entire system. The research results can provide reference for the similar projects.