水电能源科学

在高内外水复杂交替变化运行环境下，水工隧洞衬砌结构常发生开裂破坏，危害电站的稳定运行。目前，常用的钢板衬砌和钢筋混凝土衬砌均已不能很好地满足工程需求，因此提出了一种可主动平衡衬砌内外水压力自适应混凝土衬砌技术，能够在充水期、放空检修期、运行期主动平衡内外水压力、避免衬砌开裂漏水；通过ABAQUS模拟了最不利工况下5～10 m洞径受1～6 MPa内水压力作用，调压腔环向和轴向布置在不同间距下衬砌的受力影响。结果表明，随着水工隧洞洞径、内水压力、环向和轴向布置间距的增大，衬砌的环向拉应力也逐渐增大；对比C30混凝土的轴心抗拉强度标准值，建议自适应衬砌结构调压腔环向布置采用无间隔排布方式，轴向布置间距根据建议值实施。该方案能保证衬砌结构安全稳定，对工程现场应用具有指导意义。

Under the complex alternating operation environment of high internal and external water, the lining structure of hydraulic tunnel often cracks and damages, which endangers the stable operation of power station. At present, the commonly used steel plate lining and reinforced concrete lining can not meet the engineering requirements well. Therefore, this paper developed a self-adaptive concrete lining technology that can actively balance the internal and external water pressure of the lining, which can actively balance the internal and external water pressure during the water filling period, the emptying maintenance period and the operation period to avoid lining cracking and leakage. The ABAQUS was used to simulate the influence of water pressure in the range of 1-6 MPa on the diameter of 5-10 m under the most unfavorable conditions, and the influence of the circumferential and axial arrangement of the pressure regulating chamber on the lining under different spacing. The results show that the circumferential tensile stress of the lining increases with the increase of the tunnel diameter, internal water pressure, circumferential and axial spacing of the hydraulic tunnel. Compared with the standard value of axial tensile strength of C30 concrete, it is suggested that the annular arrangement of the surge chamber of the adaptive lining structure should be adopted as far as possible without interval arrangement, and the axial arrangement spacing should be implemented according to the recommended value. The scheme can ensure the safety and stability of the lining structure and has guiding significance for the field application of the project.