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浙江省现有堰坝、水库约1.7×104座，虽保障供水但无序建设导致河流连通性下降，严重影响鱼类洄游及生态多样性。以丽水市为例，融合遥感识别、实地调查和鱼类数据，提出山区河道纵向连通性评价方法，综合考虑堰坝类型、淹没时段及位置因素。通过改进传统阻隔系数法，引入类型系数、淹没系数及位置修正系数，构建综合阻隔模型。结果表明，阻隔系数与鱼类物种数成显著负相关(R=0.636);当阻隔系数<0.91时流水型鱼类占优(>50%),当阻隔系数>0.91时静水型鱼类增加，揭示水文改变对群落的驱动效应。5条河道生态改造后，鱼类物种数增幅达55%～175%(如大贵溪从8种增至22种),且下游改造(位置系数>2)效果最优。建议严控河口30%河段内堰坝建设，优先改造下游高阻隔堰坝，限制支流堰坝总量以降低叠加影响。研究为山区河流生态修复和堰坝优化布局提供了科学依据。
Abstract：There are about 17 000 dams and reservoirs in Zhejiang Province, which ensure water supply. However, the disorderly construction has led to a decrease in river connectivity, seriously affecting fish migration and ecological diversity. Taking Lishui City as an example, this study integrates remote sensing recognition, field investigation, and fish data, and innovatively proposes a longitudinal connectivity evaluation method for mountainous river channels, taking into account factors such as dam type, inundation period, and location. By improving the traditional barrier coefficient method and introducing type coefficient, submergence coefficient, and position correction coefficient, a comprehensive barrier model is constructed. The results show that the barrier coefficient was significantly negatively correlated with fish species(R=0.636); When the coefficient is less than 0.91, flowing fish dominate(>50%); When it is greater than 0.91, static water fish increase, revealing the driving effect of hydrological changes on the community. After the ecological transformation of 5 river channels, the number of fish species increase by 55%-175%(such as the Dagui River increasing from 8 to 22 species), and the downstream transformation(location coefficient>2) has the best effect. It is suggested that the strictly control the construction of dams within 30% section at the mouth of the river, prioritizing the renovation of downstream high resistance barriers, and limiting the total number of tributary dams can reduce the cumulative impact. The research provides scientific basis for ecological restoration of mountainous rivers and optimization of dam layout.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2026.20250776
中图分类号:S956.3;X143;TV64
引用信息:
[1]陈怡,王斌,姚鹏城,等.基于鱼类上溯的丽水市山区型河道阻隔系数法研究及其应用[J].水电能源科学,2026,44(04):11-15+21.DOI:10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2026.20250776.
基金信息:
浙江省水利厅科技项目(RA2205,RC2422); 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院)院长基金项目(ZIHE23Q008,ZIHE23Q009)
2025-12-30
2025-12-30
2025-12-30